By Frederick Womakuyu

FROM the Bugiri-Malaba highway, Bugiri hospital appears to be a deserted facility. The tin roofs hovering over the facility are rusted, its doors broken down and the infrastructure is dilapidated. But coming closer to the facility, you see a number of patients are lining up for different services.

This is around 9:00am in the morning. However, a keen look around the facility reveals absence of the senior workers — the medical superintendent, the administrator and junior cadres, are yet to show up. I am told to wait. Within half an hour, the administrator shows up but she tells me to wait as she attends to the Resident District Commissioner of Bugiri, who had also showed up to check on the facility.

After almost three hours, the administrator, Sarah Nabulime, a short talkative woman, invites me to her office. Nabulime starts by lamenting that as much as sick people fl ock the facility for treatment, the centre itself is “like a patient on drip.” Nabulime laments that the hospital has failed to retain its staff who vanish after training.

On the day I visited, the medical superintendent was away. He went for further studies but, unfortunately, after the course that was sponsored by the Government, he vanished.

TWO DOCTORS

The facility is also supposed to have three doctors but only two are available — the third went to Nairobi, Kenya for further studies. However, Nabulime fears that when he completes his studies, he is also likely to look for greener pastures elsewhere. Nabulime has lost count of the number of doctors from Bugiri hospital who enroll for further studies but never return. “Every year, we lose about three doctors who go for further studies and do not come back. According to Dr. Stephen Kirya, the Bugiri district director of health services, the staff of the facility stands at 52% against the 65% recommended by the Ministry of Health. “This seems like a good percentage but it’s the core staff who are missing,” he said. Kirya explains that while the facility is supposed to have about 12 doctors, they have only two. Out of the five specialists they should have, there is none. Because there are no specialist gynaecologists and obstetricians, every month, two babies and a mother die at the facility due to this shortage. Thankfully the facility has an x-ray and c-scan machine but no expert to operate it.

The infrastructure can best be described as sick. The beds in each ward are broken, mattresses torn or missing and the few available ones are dirty. The beds are also few forcing some of the patients to sleep on the floor.

Yet deep in the toilets and bathrooms, a sanitation problem that is likely to cause disease is going on. The toilets are all broken down; sewerage leaks inside the wards and into the consultancy. The floor, walls and the entire infrastructure is dirty, dilapidated and unsuitable for human use. The facility uses water from an electric pump. However, power cuts have forced the facility to go without water for weeks. The maternity ward has become so filthy – a powerful stench that is indescribable threatens lives there. “Life is tough in this hospital. We have talked to the district to give us more money to buy fuel for the generator to power the whole hospital but the district is also broke,” adds an health worker, who preferred anonymity.

SHOE STRING BUDGET

Bugiri district prepares an annual budget of sh20b but they get only sh50m. However, at the end of each month, they use over sh20m to run the hospital. The facility budgets for sh1m per month to buy fuel for the generator but their annual budget for running the generator is about sh15m. “This clearly shows you the shortage we face,” adds Dr. Kirya.

Dr. Kirya explains that when there is no power or generator, they are always forced not to carry out any surgeries refering the cases to Iganga or Jinja hospital. However, by the time they cover a distance of about 30km to Iganga or 60km to Jinja, the patients are dead. No wonder, at the facility, 600 people – including children, women and men die annually. While the facility, like any other in the country receives its drugs, medicines and supplies from the National Medical stores, the supplies are often inadequate. Essential drugs like malaria, anti-biotics are often out of stock. And simple supplies like gloves, gauze, cotton, syringes and intravenous fluids are often out of supply. But she is also frustrated that they have promised each year in and out but nothing has so far come. Patients like Alice Nantume who has just given birth without the help of a doctor but a nurse, are desperate.

“I came here to get better care but life is instead tough. At least in the village, a traditional birth attendant will give you some herbs but here there is nothing.” Nantume explains that she did not fi nd any gloves, so she was advised to buy some. She also brought her own soup since the facility did not have any. “We request the government to help us,” she pleaded.

WAY FORWARD

Dr. Kirya calls upon the Government to help them recruit human resource and pay them well, “because the districts do not have capacity to attract and retain health workers. It is a pity but we need help.” Nabulime calls on the government to speed up the plan to rehabilitate the facility to give it a new facelift. Bugiri district chairman Malijani Azamwa Balubireire called upon the Government to increase funding to local governments and also stop creating more districts so that they are able to pay health workers well.

source:  http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/629245-bugiri-hospital-suffers-brain-drain.html

By Henry Zakumumpa

Over one hundred human rights NGOs, including some from Uganda, have petitioned the US government to stop a three-day Intellectual property summit set to take place in Cape Town, South Africa in April 2012.

The summit has been called to discuss intellectual property enforcement on the continent and could be a critical meeting.

Campaigners say enforcing trade related intellectual property rights (TRIPS) translates into banning Indian generic AIDS drugs by enforcing patents for Western pharmaceutical giants, outlawing extensive photocopying of educational materials published by Western multinationals, limiting access to newly developed disease-resistant agricultural seeds for poor farmers and cracking down on counterfeit Microsoft computer programmes, meaning millions of poor Africans will miss out.

TRIPS refers to the exclusive rights held by inventors and innovators of items such as new drugs, books, plant seeds, software developers. These rights are enforced by international law and unlawful access to them attracts penalties. The majority of intellectual property rights are owned by western countries.

The Cape Town summit, Africa Intellectual Property Forum: Intellectual Property, Regional Integration and Economic Growth in Africa is organised by the US Department of Commerce.

It has been billed as the first Africa-wide ministerial-level event of its kind. The summit is jointly organized by World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) and several US multinational companies including PfIzer, Dolby,Caterpillar and Microsoft.

The summit has drawn the ire of human rights NGOs in Africa. This is partly due to the disturbing conflict of interesting which the summit’s sponsors – namely US multinationals, in collaboration with Western governments such as the US, France and Japan – are the organizations that own the majority of intellectual property and thereby have a vested interest in enforcing intellectual property rights in African countries despite the fact that the majority of Africans live on less than a dollar a day.

Mulumba Moses of the Center for Health, Human Rights and Development, a Ugandan human rights NGO, said: ”It’s a shame that the Africa IP Forum is putting emphasis on IP enforcement agenda. One would expect the continent to be discussing the development agenda in light of its social economic challenges in the areas of health, education and agriculture. Over emphasis on IP enforcement is iniquitous of the continent’s population that still badly needs to utilise the policy space provided for by the TRIPS Agreement.”

The summit is being castigated by human rights activists because it appears to reverse gains made by African governments in securing exemptions from enforcing the intellectual property rights of multinationals in poor countries. One such gain was the 2006 TRIPS agreement in Doha, which granted poor countries a grace period until 2016 to consume cheap generic AIDS drugs manufactured in India.

It is feared that the summit may trigger new intellectual property legislation in African countries in a compliance move that may curtail access to products, in some cases life-saving drugs such as AIDS or tuberculosis medication.

The irony of the South African government playing host to a summit on African soil which is seeking to perpetuate Western multinational interests by curtailing access to life-saving drugs or educational materials to poor African students is not lost on African and global human rights NGOs.

The sentiments of the petitioning African NGOs are aptly captured by Sangeeta Shasikant, Legal Advisor of the Third World Network: “The US is well known for pressuring developing countries to adopt TRIPS plus standards. The Africa IP Summit is another attempt by the US to advance its aggressive agenda on IP protection and enforcement such as Anti-Counterfeit Agreement (ACTA), which favours the interests of certain powerful multinational companies.

“The US concept paper and programme totally disregards the numerous developmental and socio-economic challenges facing Africa. Issues of access to affordable medicines, access to knowledge, misappropriation of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge and farmers’ rights are totally disregarded.”

Source: http://www.keycorrespondents.org/2012/02/24/outcry-from-african-ngos-over-cape-town-intellectual-property-summit/

by williams moi

Pregnant women in Pallisa district in Eastern Uganda are reported to be delivering under trees due to the collapse of a building at the local health facility.

Due to inadequate space in Ngwere Health Centre III in Petete Sub County, health workers have created a makeshift shelter under trees near the centre for women to deliver in.

Reports indicate that Ngwere Health Centre III, which serves the entire sub county of more than 15,000 people plus its neighbors, has only two rooms after one of the centre’s buildings collapsed due to strong wind and heavy rain last year.

The facility, which is located about 15km from Pallisa town, is over crowded meaning patients are at risk of contracting infectious diseases during labor.

A health worker at the government aided facility described as “inhuman” the situation in which staff are forced to handle labors in the makeshift shelter due to a lack of space, adding that a quick intervention is required to rectify the situation.

“We have no alternative but to perform our duty in order to save the lives of these mothers as we wait for government response so as to rehabilitate the facility fully,” another medical worker said on condition of anonymity.

In Uganda it’s only the chief administrative officer or the medical superintendant who has the mandate to speak to the press about health matters but they are not always available. However, one nursing officers Ahmed Mpande agreed to be named as he said  the collapsed building had become a major problem facing maternal health in Pallisa district. He added that the building’s collapse had been reported to the authorities but they had declined to respond.

Mpande says that other services including antenatal care, deliveries, laboratory and drug storage are all handled in the two rooms. Mpande also notes that, due to the poor working environment, the health facility is due to temporarily close until it is renovated.

Community resource person, Kulu Nalongo, says the centre serves a radius of 6km but regardless of its sorry state, the community still has hope over it though it’s not renovated.

When contacted, CAO Pallisa district Mbooge Isa confirms receipt of a letter sent in July last year (2011) drawing attention to the fact that the health unit requires immediate renovation.

Mbooge said Pallisa district has received funds from the poverty reduction program (PRDP) and expects to use part of the money to rehabilitate the health unit this financial year (2012/2013). But he did not mention when the work would begin.

However, Chairman of LC 5 Pallisa says that the district has no capacity to renovate the structure because it has no emergency funds.

“It is true this health unit is damaged but we have to budget for it next financial year since the district is in a planning cycle,” he added.

Nagwere health centre was run by NGO the Christian Children Fund in 1980 before the government took over in 2009.

Source: http://www.keycorrespondents.org/2012/02/22/pallisa-mothers-deliver-under-trees-due-to-collapse-of-health-centre/

By Cathy Norton

Eating a healthy, balanced diet is important for both the mother and baby during pregnancy. Here are ten foods that pregnant mothers should eat to ensure that they get all the nutrients necessary for a healthy pregnancy.

1. Eggs – Eggs contain a lot of protein, which help the baby’s cells develop. They also contain twelve vitamins and minerals, including choline, which helps with the baby’s brain development.

2. Salmon – Salmon is another food that contains quality proteins that are good for fetal development. This food also has a significant amount of omega-3 fatty acids, which are good for the baby’s brain and vision. While it’s not good to eat other types of fish during pregnancy due to their high mercury content, salmon has lower amounts that are safe for pregnant mothers. Still, they should only eat salmon once a week at the most.

3. Beans – Beans are one of the healthiest foods, since they are full of vitamins and minerals, but also protein and fiber. Fiber is important for pregnant women because it helps with digestion, which can slow down during pregnancy and cause constipation or hemorrhoids.

4. Sweet potatoes – The orange color in sweet potatoes comes from carotenoids, which convert to vitamin A once eaten. Vitamin A is essential for vision development in a baby. Sweet potatoes also have vitamin C, for the immune system, folate, which helps form DNA and RNA, and fiber for the digestive system.

5. Whole grains – Whole grains are high in fiber, vitamin E, and selenium, which helps the immune system function and will help your baby stay healthy in the womb. Whole grains come from a variety of sources, such as whole wheat flour and bread, but also brown rice, oats, barley, rye, and quinoa.

6. Nuts – Nuts are another great source of omega-3 fatty acids and other healthy fats, which help with brain development. Walnuts have the highest amount of omega-3s, but beechnuts, hickory nuts, pecans, pine nuts, and almonds are also good for pregnancy.

7. Green leafy vegetables – Leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale, and Swiss chard have lots of nutrients. These include vitamin A, for vision, vitamin C, for the immune system, and vitamin K, for blood clotting.

8. Lean Meats – Lean meats with lower fat contentsare a great source of protein for both mother and baby. Whether poultry, pork, or red meat, it’s best to eat meat that has most of the fat cut off.

9. Yogurt – In addition to the protein found in yogurt, it also has a high calcium content. This will help your baby’s bones grow as well as keep yours strong and healthy.

10. Berries – Berries are a sweet treat that are easy to eat when a pregnant mom is suffering from nausea. They are also loaded with antioxidants and vitamin C, which helps the body absorb iron and assists in cell formation.

Global Trends
By MARTIN KHOR
A South Centre conference last week warned that developing countries could be badly hit by the new global downturn, and also discussed the state of WTO negotiations.
THE global economic downturn and the international negotiations on trade and climate change were the topics of a South Centre conference last week.

It provided an interesting discussion on the state of the world from the perspective of developing countries at the start of this year.

The conference, attended by over a hundred policy makers, diplomats and experts, was held on Feb 2-3 at the United Nations building in Geneva.

In a session on instability and downturn in the world economy, the South Centre’s chief economist Dr Yilmaz Akyuz warned that the South’s concept of decoupling its growth from the developed economies could lead to complacency.

While in the past decade the growth rates of developing countries stood at about 5 percentage points higher than those of developed countries, this was largely due to favourable external conditions that are no longer sustainable.

Among the conditions were the US acting as locomotive to export-dependent developing countries, a surge in private capital flows to developing countries and massive rises in commodity prices as well remittances to developing countries.

As these factors fade, or even reverse in the current global downturn, developing countries have to deal with emerging problems while devising longer term development strategies such as reducing dependence on Western markets and finance and upgrading investment (for those which are under-investing) or consumption (for those which are under-consuming) and boosting industry.

International Labour Organisation director-general Juan Somavia urged developing countries to safeguard their space to implement their own policies and to use this space well in this period of crisis.

He advocated switching to a growth pattern that is job-intensive and income-led.

Growth should be designed to generate jobs and raise wages, increase social protection and put a higher value to work.

Charles Soludo, former Central Bank governor of Nigeria, warned that the downturn would force many developing countries into a new debt crisis.

This time, there was little hope of external help. And in Africa, the situation may be worsened by the economic partnership agreements being foisted by the European Union that would further constrain Africa’s policy space.

Nagesh Kumar, chief economist of Escap (the UN commission for Asia), said the downturn would affect Asia through the trade and finance channels, warning that many of the remedies used in the 2009 crisis were no longer available.

Malaysian economist Lim Mah Hui analysed three major imbalances (including income inequality) and stressed the role of the state in industrial policy and to regulate finance to serve the real economy instead of speculation.

The conference discussed the impasse in the Doha Round and the future of the World Trade Organisation.

A panel of ambassadors from China, India, Nigeria, Tanzania, Bangladesh, Bolivia, and South Africa seemed to have similar opinions.

They agreed that the Doha Round impasse would continue for some time.

While attempts are made to revive the Round, developing countries should resist attempts by developed countries to introduce new issues such as investment, new plurilateral agreements inside WTO, or to re-examine the status of developing countries.

Meanwhile, the members should make WTO more development-centred by resolving issues of interest to least developed countries by improving special and differential treatment for developing countries and tackling agricultural protection in developed countries.

Rubens Ricupero, former Unctad secretary general, recalled his warning a decade ago that the Doha Round was one Round too many and too early, as WTO members should have focused instead on digesting the Uruguay Round and its unfinished business.

WTO would survive as it had a useful role. It should focus on the unfinished business of agriculture, tariff peaks, anti-dumping and issues that would link trade and development.

Trade expert Chakravarthi Raghavan said the Doha Round was introduced by developed countries to evade their commitment made during the Uruguay Round to cut their agriculture subsidies and tariffs.

The Doha negotiating agenda had been loaded with so many other issues and now could not be completed, thus allowing developed countries not to undertake their agriculture commitments.

This was bad faith on their part and developing countries should respond, for example, by not implementing the intellectual property agreement.

The conference ended with a session discussing the current climate change negotiations.

A panel of experts and negotiators analysed the process and outcome of the Durban climate conference and made suggestions on how developing countries should interpret the mandate for new negotiations so that the equity principle and concerns of developing countries could be successfully addressed.

source:http://thestar.com.my/columnists/story.asp?col=globaltrends&file=/2012/2/6/columnists/globaltrends/10684367&sec=Global%20Trends